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Crunchly Blog

Metrics

Every Crunchly article about metrics — formulas, worked examples and what each number measures.

Cash flow = Rent − Vacancy − Expenses − Debt service

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Cap rate = NOI ÷ Property value
Metrics

Cap Rate Explained: Formula, Examples and What It Measures

Capitalization rate compares a property's net operating income to its price. Here's how to calculate it, what it captures, and where it falls short.

October 21, 20265 min read
CoC = Annual cash flow ÷ Total cash invested
Metrics

Cash-on-Cash Return Explained

Cash-on-cash return compares a year of pre-tax cash flow to the cash actually invested. Here's the formula, what counts as cash invested, and a worked example.

October 21, 20265 min read
ROI = Total gain ÷ Total cash invested
Metrics

ROI in Real Estate: Measuring Total Return on Cash Invested

Real estate ROI can combine cash flow, principal paydown and appreciation. Here's how each piece is calculated and how they add up over a holding period.

October 21, 20265 min read
Gross yield = Annual rent ÷ Price
Metrics

Gross vs. Net Rental Yield: What Each One Measures

Gross yield divides annual rent by price. Net yield subtracts expenses first. Here's how to calculate both and why the gap between them matters.

October 21, 20265 min read
NOI = Effective gross income − Operating expenses
Metrics

Net Operating Income (NOI): What Goes In and What Stays Out

NOI is a property's income after vacancy and operating expenses, before debt service. Here's exactly which items belong in it, with a line-by-line example.

October 21, 20265 min read
Monthly rent ÷ Price ≥ 1%
Metrics

The 1% Rule: What It Measures and Where It Falls Short

The 1% rule compares monthly rent to purchase price as a quick screen. Here's the math behind it, what it implies, and what it leaves out.

October 21, 20265 min read
Cap rate: NOI ÷ Price · CoC: Cash flow ÷ Cash in
Metrics

Cap Rate vs. Cash-on-Cash Return: What's the Difference?

Both are percentages built on NOI, but they answer different questions. Here's how cap rate and cash-on-cash return differ, with the same property run both ways.

October 21, 20264 min read